Leadership andChapter1第一章Leadership Theory领导理论Leadership领导Leadership is the process where a person exerts influence over othersand inspires,motivates and directs their activities to achieve goals.导是向别人施加影响的过程，启发、激励引导他们的行动来实现目标Effective leadership increases the firm's ability to meet new challenges.有效领导提高公司能力以迎接新的挑战Leader:The person exerting the influence.领导：施加影响的人Personal Leadership Style:the ways leaders choose to influence others.个人领导风格：领导选择影响他人的方式Some leaders delegate and support subordinates,others are veryauthoritarian.一些领导委托并支持下属，其他的是绝对授权Managers at all levels have their own leadership style.各层次的管理者都有他们的领导风格Leadership Across Cultures跨越文化的领导Leadership styles may vary over different cultures.领导风格在不同的文化条件下不同■European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanesemanagers.欧洲管理者比美国或日本的管理者更趋于以人为本Japanese culture is very collective oriented,while American focuses more onprofitability.日本文化非常具有集体导向，而美国集中于利益率■Time horizons also are affected by cultures时间水平面也受文化影响U.S.firms often focus on short-run efforts.美国公司经常集中于短期运行努力Japanese firms take a longer-term outlook.日本公司采取长期展望