First published in 1776, the year in which the American Revolution officially began, Smith\\\'s "Wealth of Nations" sparked a revolution of its own. In it Smith analyzes the major elements of political economy, from market pricing and the division of labor to monetary, tax, trade, and other government policies that affect economic behavior. Throughout he offers seminal arguments for free trade, free markets, and limited government. Criticising mercantilists who sought to use the state to increase their nations\\\' supply of precious metals, Smith points out that a nation\\\'s wealth should be measured by the well-being of its people.Prosperity in turn requires voluntary exchange of goods in a peaceful, well-ordered market. How to establish and maintain such markets? For Smith the answer lay in man\\\'s social instincts, which government may encourage by upholding social standards of decency, honesty, and virtue, but which government undermines when it unduly interferes with the intrinsically private functions of production and exchange. Social and economic order arise from the natural desires to better one\\\'s (and one\\\'s family\\\'s) lot and to gain the praise and avoid the censure of one\\\'s neighbors and business associates. Individuals behave decently and honestly because it gives them a clear conscience as well as the good reputation necessary for public approbation and sustained, profitable business relations.
CHAPTER I. OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR
CHAPTER II. OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR
CHAPTER III. THAT THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IS LIMITED BY THE EXTENT OF THE MARKET
CHAPTER IV. OF THE ORIGIN AND USE OF MONEY
CHAPTER V. OF THE REAL AND NOMINAL PRICE OF COMMODITIES, OR OF THEIR PRICE IN LABOUR, AND THEIR PRICE IN MONEY
CHAPTER VI. OF THE COMPONENT PART OF THE PRICE OF COMMODITIES
CHAPTER VII. OF THE NATURAL AND MARKET PRICE OF COMMODITIES
CHAPTER VIII. OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR
CHAPTER IX. OF THE PROFITS OF STOCK
CHAPTER X. OF WAGES AND PROFIT IN THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF LABOUR AND STOCK
PART I.—Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent
PART II.—Of the Produce of Land, which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent
PART III.—Of the variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of that sort of Produce which always affords Rent, and of that which sometimes does, and sometimes does not, afford Rent
Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver
Conclusion of the Chapter
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK
CHAPTER II. OF MONEY, CONSIDERED AS A PARTICULAR BRANCH OF THE GENERAL STOCK OF THE SOCIETY, OR OF THE EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
CHAPTER III. OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL, OR OF PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE LABOUR
CHAPTER III. OF PUBLIC DEBTS
APPENDIX TO ARTICLES I. AND II.—Taxes upon the Capital Value of Lands, Houses, and Stock
【CHAPTER II】PART II. Of Taxes
【CHAPTER II】PART I. Of the Funds, or Sources, of Revenue, which may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth
CHAPTER II. OF THE SOURCES OF THE GENERAL OR PUBLIC REVENUE OF THE SOCIETY
CONCLUSION
【CHAPTER I】PART IV. Of the Expense of supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign
【CHAPTER I】PART III. Of the Expense of public Works and public Institutions
【CHAPTER I】PART II. Of the Expense of Justice
【CHAPTER I】PART I. Of the Expense of Defence
APPENDIX TO BOOK IV
CHAPTER IX. OF THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, OR OF THOSE SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY WHICH REPRESENT THE PRODUCE OF LAND, AS EITHER THE SOLE OR THE PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF THE REVENUE AND WEALTH OF EVERY COUNTRY
CHAPTER VIII. CONCLUSION OF THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM
【CHAPTER VII】PART III. Of the Advantages which Europe has derived From the Discovery of America, and from that of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope
【CHAPTER VII】PART II. Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies
【CHAPTER VII】PART I. Of the Motives for Establishing New Colonies
CHAPTER VI. OF TREATIES OF COMMERCE
CHAPTER V. OF BOUNTIES
CHAPTER IV. OF DRAWBACKS
【CHAPTER III】PART II.—Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints, upon other Principles
